forlorn

• adj. 被遺棄的；絕望的；孤獨的

for-, 完全的。lorn, 失去，詞源同lose. 原義為毀壞的，完全喪失的。絕望義來自英語短語forlorn hope(1570s), 完全失去希望的，而hope實則為荷蘭語hoop的訛誤，軍隊，部隊，詞源同英語詞heap. 類似于日本的敢死隊，通常帶有自殺式使命。類似演變參照humble pie.

forlorn

forlorn: [12] Forlorn began life as the past participle of Old English forlēosan ‘lose completely, forfeit, abandon’, a compound verb formed in prehistoric Germanic times from the intensive prefix *fer- and *leusan (a relative of modern English lose). It retains some of its early connotations of being ‘abandoned’, but the main modern sense ‘miserable, downcast’ developed in the 14th century.

The forlorn of forlorn hope [16], incidentally, is a translation of the related Dutch verloren ‘lost’, but hope has no etymological connection with English hope. It is simply an anglicization of Dutch hoop ‘troop, band’ (to which English heap is related). The word was originally used for a squad of soldiers sent out on a very dangerous mission, with little hope that they would return.

The modern sense ‘hopeless undertaking’ developed in the 17th century, ‘misguided hope’ probably even more recently.
=> lose

forlorn (adj.)

mid-12c., forloren "disgraced, depraved," past participle of obsolete forlesan "be deprived of, lose, abandon," from Old English forleosan "to lose, abandon, let go; destroy, ruin," from for- "completely" + leosan "to lose" (see lose). In the Mercian hymns, Latin perditionis is glossed by Old English forlorenisse. OED's examples of forlese end in 17c., but the past participle persisted. Sense of "forsaken, abandoned" is 1530s; that of "wretched, miserable" first recorded 1580s.

A common Germanic compound (cognates: Old Saxon farilosan, Old Frisian urliasa, Middle Dutch verliesen, Dutch verliezen, Old High German virliosan, German verlieren, Gothic fraliusan "to lose").

In English now often in forlorn hope (1570s), which is a partial translation of Dutch verloren hoop, in which hoop means "troop, band," literally "heap," and the sense of the whole phrase is of a suicide mission. The phrase more often than not is used in English as if it meant "a faint hope, and the misuse has colored the meaning of forlorn. Related: Forlornly; forlornness.

1. He looked a forlorn figure as he limped off after 26 minutes.

26分鐘之后他一瘸一拐地走出來，顯得孤單凄涼。

來自柯林斯例句

2. One of the demonstrators, a young woman, sat forlorn on the pavement.

一名年輕的女示威者獨自一人坐在人行路上。

來自柯林斯例句

3. They headed inland on a forlorn road that was rutted and pocked.

他們沿著一條坑坑洼洼布滿車轍印的荒涼小路向內地進發。

來自柯林斯例句

4. The once glorious palaces stood empty and forlorn.

昔日金碧輝煌的宮殿顯得空寂而又荒涼。

來自柯林斯例句

5. She looked so forlorn, standing there in the rain.

她站在雨中，顯得孤苦伶仃。

來自《權威詞典》